Linear regression showed statistically significant associations between LDL and CF-PWV in the fully adjusted models (model 1 p = 0.010, model 2 p = 0.020, model 3 p = 0.017). This association was retained after adjustments for covariates and had statistical significance (p-trend = 0.048) in model 3, which adjusted age, sex, baseline CF-PWV, mean arterial pressure, heart rate waist circumference, education, smoking status, physical activity, diabetes mellitus (DM), heart disease, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, TGs, antihypertensive medicine, nitrate medicine, and antiplatelet medicine.
There were significant associations observed for current salt intake in relation to CF-PWV (p-trend = 0.038) without adjustment. In the results, glucose and total cholesterol (TC) were associated with higher CF-PWV (p = 0.000) and lower-destiny lipoprotein was associated with lower CF-PWV (p = 0.001) after adjustments for age, sex, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the association between the variables with CF-PWV independently. Regression coefficients (95% CIs), adjusted for demographics, risk factors, cholesterol, and triglycerides (TGs), were calculated by linear regression. Arterial stiffness was determined as CF-PWV using an electrocardiogram after a mean follow-up of 4.4 years. The serum lipid level and CF-PWV were measured at baseline, and lifestyle such as smoking status, sleeping habits, and the level of oil or salt intake was determined with the use of a validated questionnaire during follow-up. We used data from a subgroup of the lifestyle, level of serum lipids/carotid femoral-pulse wave velocity (CF-PWV) Susceptibility BEST Study, a population-based study of community-dwelling adults aged 45-75 years. The influence of dyslipidemia might be via moderate arterial stiffness, which results in hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Lifestyle modifications are recommended as the initial treatment for high blood pressure.
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